Research in the Vander Wall Lab

 

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        My graduate students and I study plant-animal interactions. We are currently conducting research on the dispersal of pine (Jeffrey, sugar, ponderosa, pinon, and others) and shrub (manzanita, peony) seeds by rodents and jays in the Sierra Nevada of western Nevada. These animals, primarily yellow pine chipmunks, white-tailed antelope ground squirrels, and deer mice cache seeds in shallow, scattered sites in the soil. Seeds that are not retrieved by spring germinate, resulting in plant establishment. The relationships between these plants and animals are mutualistic; the rodents receive a nutritious food supply and the plants are disseminated throughout the region. These plant-animal interactions are excellent model systems for studying the process of plant dispersal by food-hoarding animals. We are also studying how rodents use spatial memory and olfaction to recover cached food.

Food Hoarding Behavior in Animals

       Food hoarding behavior is ubiquitous in mammals and birds, and is often closely tied to winter survival in temperate climates. With many animal species competing for limited food, an array of questions can be asked about how animals maximize both the quantity and quality of stored food. We use both field and laboratory studies to examine foraging and hoarding behavior, as well as interactions between species for food resources.

Representative Publications :

Vander Wall, S. B., J. S. Briggs, S. H. Jenkins, K. M. Kuhn, T. C. Thayer, and M. J. Beck. 2006. Do food-hoarding animals have a cache recovery advantage? Determining recovery of stored food. Animal Behaviour 72:189-197. PDF

Thayer, T. C., and S. B. Vander Wall. 2005. Interactions between Steller's jays and yellow pine chipmunks over scatter-hoarded sugar pine seeds. Journal of Animal Ecology 74:365-374. PDF

Vander Wall, S. B., and S. H. Jenkins. 2003. Reciprocal pilferage and the evolution of food-hoarding behavior. Behavioral Ecology 14:656-667. PDF

Seed Dispersal by Scatter-hoarding Rodents

       Many species of plants rely on scatter-hoarding mutualists for the dispersal of propagules. Plants  take advantage of the compulsory nature of scatter-hoarding by animals to disperse seeds to safe sites suitable for germination. This requirement of many species of plant has put strong selection pressure on seed traits and phenology. We use novel methods to follow the fate of seeds handled by animals coupled with field and laboratory germination experiments to look at the relationship between plants and their dispersers.

Representative Publications:

Vander Wall, S. B. 2008. On the relative contributions of wind vs. animals to seed dispersal of four Sierra Nevada pines. Ecology 89:1837-1849. PDF

Vander Wall, S. B., K. M. Kuhn, and M. J. Beck. 2005. Seed removal, seed predation, and secondary dispersal. Ecology 86:801-806. PDF

Vander Wall, S. B., and W. S. Longland. 2004. Diplochory: are two seed dispersers better than one? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19:155-161. PDF

Vander Wall, S. B. 2002. Masting in animal-dispersed pines facilitates seed dispersal. Ecology 83:3508-3516. PDF

 

Complete Publication List:

1.     Balda, R. P., and S. B. Vander Wall.  1973.  Passeriformes.  In McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology, pp. 322-325.  McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York, USA. 

 

2.     Bock, W. J., R. P. Balda, and S. B. Vander Wall.  1973.  Morphology of the sublingual pouch and tongue musculature in Clark's nutcracker.  Auk 90:491-519.  PDF

 

3.     Vander Wall, S. B., and R. P. Balda.  1977.  Coadaptations of the Clark's nutcracker and the piñon pine for efficient seed harvest and dispersal.  Ecological Monographs 47:89-111. PDF

 

4.     Vander Wall, S. B., and K. Sullivan.  1978.  Olive warbler in the San Francisco Mountains, Arizona.  Western Birds 8:106. 

 

5.     Lanner, R. M., and S. B. Vander Wall.  1980.  Dispersal of limber pine seeds by Clark's nutcracker.  Journal of Forestry 78:637-639. 

 

6.     Vander Wall, S. B., S. W. Hoffman, and W. K. Potts.  1981.  Emigration behavior of Clark's nutcracker.  Condor 83:162-170. 

 

7.     Vander Wall, S. B., and R. P. Balda.  1981.  Ecology and evolution of food-storage behavior in conifer-seed-caching corvids.  Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 56:217-242.

 

8.     Vander Wall, S. B.  1982.  An experimental analysis of cache recovery in Clark's nutcracker.  Animal Behaviour 30:84-94. PDF

 

9.     Vander Wall, S. B., and R. P. Balda.  1983.  Remembrance of seeds stashed.  Natural History 92(9):60-65. 

 

10.   Vander Wall, S. B.,  and H. E. Hutchins.  1983.  Dependence of Clark's nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana, on conifer seed during the postfledging period.  Canadian Field-Naturalist 97:208-214.

 

11.   Steele, B. B., C. V. Grant, and S. B. Vander Wall.  1983.  Importance of avian populations for land management and reclamation of disturbed lands.  In Proceedings of the Thorne Ecological Symposium, pp. 84-90.  Steamboat Springs, Colorado, USA. 

 

12.   Vander Wall, S. B., and J. A. MacMahon.  1983.  Avian distribution patterns along a Sonoran Desert bajada.  Journal of Arid Environments 7:59-74. 

 

13.   Parmenter, R. R., J. A. MacMahon, and S. B. Vander Wall.  1983.  The measurement of granivory by desert rodents, birds, and ants: A comparison of an energetics approach and a seed-dish technique.  Journal of Arid Environments 7:75-92. 

 

14.   Steele, B. B., and S. B. Vander Wall.  1985.  Aquatic birds of White River, Utah.  Great Basin Naturalist 45:113-116. 

 

15.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1986.  Gift of the mice people.  Natural History 95(3):22-28. 

 

16.   Vander Wall, S. B., and K. G. Smith.  1987.  Cache-protecting behavior of food-hoarding animals.  In Foraging Behavior, edited by Kamil, A. C., J. R. Krebs, and R. H. Pulliam, pp. 611-644.  Plenum Press, New York, New York, USA. 

 

17.       Vander Wall, S. B.  1988.  Foraging of Clark's nutcrackers on rapidly changing pine seed resources.  Condor 90:621-631. 

 

18.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1990.  Food hoarding in animals.  University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.  445 pp. 

 

19.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1991.  Mechanisms of cache recovery by yellow pine chipmunks.  Animal Behaviour 41:851-863. PDF

 

20.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1992.  The role of animals in dispersing a "wind-dispersed" pines.  Ecology 73:614-621.

 

21.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1992.  Establishment of Jeffrey pine seedlings from animal caches. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 7:14-20. 

 

22.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1993.  A model of caching depth: Implications for scatter hoarders and plant dispersal.  American Naturalist 141:217-232. 

 

23.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1993.  Seed water content and the vulnerability of buried seeds to foraging rodents.  American Midland Naturalist 129:272-281. 

 

24.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1993.  Salivary water loss to seeds by yellow pine chipmunks and Merriam's kangaroo rats.   Ecology 74:1307-1312. 

 

25.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1993.  Cache site selection by chipmunks (Tamias spp.) and its influence on the effectiveness of seed dispersal in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).  Oecologia 96:246-252.

 

26.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1994.  Removal of wind-dispersed pine seeds by ground-foraging vertebrates.  Oikos 69:125-132.  PDF

 

27.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1994.  Seed fate pathways of antelope bitterbrush: Dispersal by seed-caching yellow pine chipmunks.  Ecology 75:1911-1926.

 

28.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1995.  Influence of substrate water on the ability of rodents to find buried seeds.  Journal of Mammalogy 76:851-856.  PDF

 

29.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1995.  Salivary water loss during seed husking in deer mice and Great Basin pocket mice.  Physiological Zoology 68:878-886. 

 

30.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1995.  Dynamics of yellow pine chipmunk (Tamias amoenus) seed caches: Underground traffic in bitterbrush seeds.  Ecoscience 2:261-266.  PDF

 

31.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1995.  Sequential patterns of scatter hoarding in yellow pine chipmunks.  American Midland Naturalist 133:312-321. 

 

32.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1995.  The effects of seed value on the caching behavior of yellow pine chipmunks.  Oikos 74:533-537.  PDF 

 

33.   Vander Wall, S. B., and E. Peterson.  1996.  Associative learning and the use of cache markers by yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus).  Southwestern Naturalist 41:88-90.

 

34.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1997.  Dispersal of singleleaf piñon pine (Pinus monophylla) by seed-caching rodents.  Journal of Mammalogy 78:181-191.  PDF

 

35.   Vander Wall, S. B.  1998.  Foraging success of granivorous rodents: effects of variation in seed and soil water content on olfaction.  Ecology 79:233-241. PDF

 

36.   Vander Wall, S. B., W. Longland, S. Pyare., and J. A. Veech.  1998.  Cheek pouch capacities and loading rates of heteromyid rodents.  Oecologia 113:21-28. PDF

 

37.   Vander Wall, S. B., and J. W. Joyner.  1998.  Recaching of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) seeds by yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus): potential effects on plant reproductive success.  Canadian Journal of Zoology 76:154-162.

 

38.   Vander Wall, S. B., and J. W. Joyner.  1998.  Secondary wind dispersal of winged pine seeds.  American Midland Naturalist  139:365-373. 

 

39.       Chambers, J. C., E. W. Schupp, and S. B. Vander Wall.  1998.  Seed dispersal and seedling establishment of piñon and juniper species within the piñon-juniper woodland.  In: Monsen, S. B., R. Stevens, R. J. Tausch, R. Miller, and S. Goodrich.  Proceedings: Ecology and Management of Pinyon-juniper Communities within the Interior West.  September 15-18, Provo, Utah.  Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-1-6, Ogden, Utah.  United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 

 

40.       Vander Wall, S. B., and W. Longland.  1998.  Cheek pouch capacities and loading rates of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).  Great Basin Naturalist  59:278-280.

 

41.       Chambers, J. C., S. B. Vander Wall, and E. W. Schupp.  1999.  Seed and seedling ecology of piñon and juniper species in the pygmy woodlands of western North America.  Botanical Review 65:1-38. PDF

 

42.   Schupp, E. W., J. C. Chambers, S. B. Vander Wall, J. M. Gomez, and M. Fuentes.  1999.  Pinon and juniper seed dispersal and seedling recruitment at woodland ecotones.  Proceedings: Shrubland Ecotones, August 12-14, 1998, Ephraim, Utah.  RMRS-P-11:66-70. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 

 

43.   Vander Wall, S. B.  2000.  The influence of environmental conditions on cache recovery and cache pilferage by yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).  Behavioral Ecology 11:544-549. PDF

 

44.   Vander Wall, S. B., T. C. Thayer, J. S. Hodge, M. J. Beck, J. K. Roth.  2001.  Scatter-hoarding behavior of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).  Western North American Naturalist 61:109-113. 

 

45.   Forget, P.-M., and S. B. Vander Wall.  2001.  Scatter-hoarding rodents and marsupials: convergent evolution on diverging continents.  Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16:65-67. 

 

46.   Vander Wall, S. B. 2001.  The evolutionary ecology of nut dispersal.  Botanical Review  67: 74-117. PDF

 

47.   Longland, W. S., S. H. Jenkins, S. B. Vander Wall, J. A. Veech, and S. Pyare.  2001.  Seedling recruitment in Oryzopsis hymenoides: are desert granivores mutualists or predators?   Ecology  82:3131-3148. PDF

       

48.   Vander Wall, S. B.  2002.  Secondary dispersal of Jeffrey pine seeds by rodent scatter hoarders: the roles of pilfering, recaching, and a variable environment.  Pages 193-208 In  Levey, D. J., Silva, W. R., and M. Galetti.  Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation.  CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK. 

 

49.   Vander Wall, S. B.  2002.  Masting in pines alters the use of cached seeds by rodents and causes increased seed survival.  Ecology 83:3508-3516.  PDF

 

50.   Vander Wall, S. B.  2003.  Effect of seed size of wind-dispersed pines (Pinus) on secondary seed dispersal and the caching behavior of rodents.  Oikos 82:25-34. PDF

 

51.   Vander Wall, S. B., M. J. Beck, J. S. Briggs, J. K. Roth, T. C. Thayer, J. L. Hollander, and J. M. Armstrong.  2003.  Interspecific variation in the olfactory abilities of granivorous rodents.  Journal of Mammalogy 84:159-168. PDF

 

52.   Johnson, J. M., S. B. Vander Wall, and M. Borchert.  2003.  A comparative analysis of seed and cone characteristics and seed-dispersal strategies of three pines in the subsection Sabinianae.  Plant Ecology 168:69-84. PDF

 

53.   Borchert, M., J. M. Johnson, D. Schreiner and S. B. Vander Wall.  2003.  Early postfire seed dispersal, seedling establishment and seedling mortality of Pinus coulteri  (D. Don) in central coastal California, USA.  Plant Ecology 168:207-220. PDF

 

54.   Vander Wall, S. B.  2003.  How rodents smell buried seeds: a model based on the behavior of pesticides in soil.  Journal of Mammalogy.  84:1089-1099. PDF

 

55.   Vander Wall, S. B., and S. H. Jenkins.  2003.  Reciprocal pilfering and the evolution of food-hoarding behavior.  Behavioral Ecology 14:656-667. PDF

 

56.   Hollander, J. L., and S. B. Vander Wall.  2004.  Effectiveness of six species of rodents as dispersers of singleleaf pinon pine (Pinus monophylla).  Oecologia 138:57-65. PDF

 

57.   Vander Wall, S. B., and W. S. Longland.  2004.  Diplochory: are two seed dispersers better than one?  Trends in Ecology and Evolution  19:155-161. PDF

 

58.   Briggs, J. S., and S. B. Vander Wall.  2004.  Substrate type affects caching and pilferage of pine seeds by chipmunks.  Behavioral Ecology 15:666-672. PDF

 

59.   Forget, P.-M., J. Lambert, P. Hulme, and S. B. Vander Wall.   2005.  Seed fates: predation, dispersal and seedling establishment.  CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK. 

 

60.   Vander Wall, S. B., P.-M. Forget, J. Lambert, and P. Hulme.  2005.  Seed fate pathways: filling the gap between parent and offspring.  Pages 1-8   In  Forget, P.-M., J. Lambert, P. Hulme, and S. B. Vander Wall.  Seed fates: predation, dispersal and seedling establishment.   CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.

 

61.   Vander Wall, S. B., and W. S. Longland. 2005.  Diplochory and the evolution of seed dispersal.  Pages 297-314   In  Forget, P.-M., J. Lambert, P. Hulme, and S. B. Vander Wall.  Seed fates: predation, dispersal and seedling establishment.  CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK. 

       

62.  Thayer, T. C., and S. B. Vander Wall.  2005.  Interactions between Steller’s jays and yellow pine chipmunk over scatter-hoarded sugar pine seeds.  Journal of Animal Ecology 74:365-374. PDF

 

63.  Vander Wall, S. B., K. M. Kuhn, and M. J. Beck.  2005.  Seed removal, seed predation, and secondary dispersal.  Ecology 86:801-806. PDF

 

64. Vander Wall, S. B., E. C. H. Hager, and K. M. Kuhn.  2005. Pilfering of stored seeds and the relative costs of scatter hoarding versus larder hoarding in yellow pine chipmunks. Western North American Naturalist  65:248-257.

 

65.   Balda, R. P., and S. B. Vander Wall.  2005.  Cognition: Caching Behavior.  Pages 252-255 In Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior.  3 volumes,  M. Bekoff (ed.), Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

 

66.   Roth, J. K., and S. B. Vander Wall.  2005.  Dispersal and establishment of Sierra chinquapin (Castanopsis sempervirens) by seed-caching rodents. Ecology 86:2428-2439. PDF

 

67.     Vander Wall, S. B., K. M. Kuhn, and J. Gworek.  2005.  Two phase seed dispersal: the link between frugivorous birds and seed-caching rodents. Oecologia 145:282-287. PDF

 

68.     Vander Wall, S. B. (with contributions from 14 colleagues).  2005.  Whittell Forest Fuel Reduction and Ecosystem Enhancement Plan.  Approved and implemented by the Whittell Board of Control.  86 p. 

 

69.     Vander Wall, S. B., M. I. Borchert, and J. Gworek.  2006.  Secondary dispersal of bigcone Douglas-fir (Pseudostuga macrocarpa) seeds in a fire-dominated landscape.  Journal: Acta Oecologica 30:100-106. PDF

 

70.     Vander Wall, S. B., J. S. Briggs, S. H. Jenkins, K. M. Kuhn, T. C. Thayer and M. J. Beck.  2006.  Do food-hoarding animals have a recovery advantage? determining recovery  of stored food. Animal Behaviour 72:189-197. PDF

 

71.     Vander Wall, S. B., T. Esque, D. Haines, M. Garnett, and B. A. Waitman.  2006.  Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) seeds are dispersed by seed-caching rodents.  Ecoscience 13:539-543. PDF

 

72.     Gworek, J. R., S. B. Vander Wall, and P. F. Brussard.  2007.  Changes in biotic interactions and climate determine recruitment of Jeffrey pine along an elevation gradient.  Forest Ecology and Management 239:57-68. PDF

 

73.     Richardson, T. W., and S. B. Vander Wall.  2007.  Yellow pine chipmunks cannot climb quaking aspens: implications for avian nest site selection.  Western North American Naturalist 67:251-257. PDF

 

74.     Kuhn, K. M., and S. B. Vander Wall.  2007.  Black bears (Ursus americanus) harvest Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) seeds from tree canopies.   Western North American Naturalist 67:384-388. PDF

 

75.     Vander Wall, S. B.  2008.  On the relative contributions of wind versus animals to seed dispersal of four Sierra Nevada pines.  Ecology 89:1837-1849.  PDF

 

76.     Vander Wall, S. B., C. J. Downs, M. S. Enders, and B. A. Waitman.  Do yellow-pine chipmunks prefer to recover their own caches? Western North American Naturalist 68:319-325. PDF

77.   Kuhn, K. M., and S. B. Vander Wall.  2008.  Linking summer foraging to winter survival in yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus).  Oecologia 157:349-360. PDF

 

78.   Briggs, J. S., S. B. Vander Wall, and S. H. Jenkins. 2009.  Forest rodents provide directed dispersal of Jeffrey pine seeds.  Ecology 90:675-687.  PDF

 

79.   Hollander, J. L., and S. B. Vander Wall.  2009.  Dispersal Syndromes in North American Ephedra. International Journal of Plant Sciences 170:232-330. PDF

 

 

 

 

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